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Types of pipelines used in fire sprinkler systems
Fire sprinkler systems, found in large and small buildings for many years, have been one of the most important components. These systems are designed to protect the structures from any unexpected and life-threatening fire. They shroud quickly; once they notice that there is some fire or smoke then it will try to suppress it promptly.
This system can save human beings precious lives or give them time to rescue themselves from injuries. The most significant part of this system is the pipeline that carries the water to the head of the sprinklers.
One of the critical aspects that you need to take into consideration when buying these systems is the material of the pipelines. Undoubtedly, it has a huge impact on these systems’ efficiency, separating their working lifecycle and convenience for owners. This blog aims at discussing the existing types of pipelines used in fire sprinkler systems.
Understanding Fire Sprinkler Systems
A pipe sprinkler system for fire protection is a set of pipes, safety valves, and sprinkler heads with nozzles that spray water. These elements work together in a simple manner to detect the start of a fire and contribute to putting it out with the help of the water.
The effectiveness of its work and the system depends on many factors, including the type of pipeline material. This system is very effective and can save lives in crucial and unexpected situations.
Types of Pipes Used in Fire Sprinkler Systems
Below are the many types of materials used in the pipelines of fire sprinkler systems, each with its own pros and cons:
- Steel Pipes
Steel pipes have been the material of choice for fire sprinkler systems for many years due to their inherent strength, ability to last longer, and reliability. They are known to withstand great pressures and extreme temperatures. This quality makes them a great choice to be used as sprinkler system pipes.
Steel pipes come in various types, each with its unique properties:
Black Steel: This type of material is usually used in pre-action as well as dry fire sprinklers. It is popular because of its economical price tag and ease of installation.
Galvanized Steel: As evident from the name, this material in pipelines is coated with a protective zinc layer, making it corrosion-resistant. They work best with wet pipe systems.
Carbon Steel: Carbon, a material well-known for its robustness and excellent strength, is the best choice for fire sprinklers with high water pressure.
Alloy Steel: This material provides top-notch corrosion resistance as it is mainly stainless steel. it is best to use these pipelines in harsh conditions. They are also aesthetic, so they can be used where you want to expose the pipes.
Advantages:
- High strength and robust
- Fire resistant
- Compatible with various fittings and connections
Disadvantages:
- Prone to corrosion if not maintained properly
- Heavyweight could prove to be a challenge in some situations
- Need frequent maintenance
- Copper Pipes
Copper pipes are another common alternative for fire sprinkler material since they have excellent conductivity, are extremely sturdy, and are highly corrosion resistant. They’re also lightweight and easy to install, while their clean and appealing look makes them ideal for exposed installation situations.
Unfortunately, they’re more expensive than other materials and may require additional parts and specialized tools for the fitting process.
Advantages:
- Resistance to scale buildup
- Compatibility with various joining methods,
- Long-term reliability
- Strong and sturdy
- Corrosion resistant
Disadvantages:
- More expensive than other options
- It may require specialized tools and skilled labor for installation
- CPVC Pipes
Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride or CPVC pipes are a popular choice for fire sprinkler systems. They are chosen due to being cost-effective, easy to install, and resistant to corrosion. CPVC pipes are also lightweight and flexible and can be easily cut and joined using solvent cement.
However, it is essential to be aware of the limits of their maximum operating temperature and pressure. Such pipes could also be easily damaged as they are prone to damage from certain chemicals or UV exposure.
Advantages:
- Resistant to build-up in the pipes
- Compatibility with potable water
- Low thermal conductivity
Disadvantages:
- Maximum operating temperature and pressure
- May be susceptible to damage from certain chemicals or UV exposure
- Iron Pipes
Many years have passed, and iron pipes, ductile iron in particular, are still in use. Available in all their peerless greatness and durability, these pipes have proved their worth long ago, becoming famous to a great extent because of their rust, impact, and pressure resistance.
Large-scale fire sprinkler systems are best made from iron pipes due to these qualities, but their high weight is not conducive to easy installation, and their cost is not the lowest.
Advantages:
- Offer excellent performance
- Long-time working duration
- Very strong and robust
- Ductile and malleable
Disadvantages:
- Heavy in weight
- It can be challenging to install
- Higher cost compared to other options
- Not suitable for budget-conscious project
Standards and Obligations for Pipes Used in Fire Sprinkler Systems
The appropriate use of materials used to transport water in sprinkler pipes is regulated by NFPA 13 2010 for the safety of the people.
The standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems is as follows: other than as provided in the following sections, steel pipe shall be manufactured in accordance with ASTM Standard A53, Grades A and B. Also, Schedule 10 and Thin Wall tube shall not be used. So, any material that follows these guidelines can be used.
Factors Influencing Pipeline Selection
Several factors influence the choice of pipeline for fire sprinkler systems, including:
- Cost: Before selecting the material, look at your budget and which material fits into that. also, compare prices of different materials to get the most economical pipeline for your fire sprinkler.
- Installation Requirements: The material you choose should be easy to install, requiring minimal tools and labor. Additionally, it should be compatible with the already installed fire protection system.
- Corrosion Resistance: Corrosion is the biggest hindrance when it comes to the pipelines because of the water. Make sure the material you choose is able to bear corrosion for the longest time.
- Flow and Pressure Requirements: The pipeline must provide water pressure and flow rate that can control the flames or suppress them completely.
- Building Codes and Regulations: the pipe material should be manufactured keeping in mind the standards and obligations that are legal and mandatory.
Installation and Maintenance Considerations
Proper installation and maintenance of pipelines in fire sprinkler systems are essential for ensuring optimal functionality and longevity. Best practices include:
- Following manufacturer guidelines and industry standards for installation
- Conducting regular inspections and testing to identify and address any issues
- Implementing a comprehensive maintenance program to prevent corrosion, leaks, and blockages
- Ensuring compatibility between pipeline materials and other system components
- Keeping accurate records of installation, testing, and maintenance activities
Conclusion
Pipeline choice is an important question to consider for a fire sprinkler system. Factors such as performance, reliability, and compliance with legal standards depend on this issue. In fact, plenty of information about different pipeline materials, their advantages, and limitations can be found in driving informed decisions of building owners, facility managers, and other specialists responsible for fire safety.
At the same time, with the development of technology, new pipeline materials and innovations can become revolutionary for the fire protection industry in the near future.
